Initial Contract Worker Immigration
The first small group of Japanese came to Hawaii in 1868. They were primarily city-bred people from Yokohama City, unaccustomed to eld labor under a tropical sun. Many did not fare well and the venture was unsuccessful.
Beginning in 1885, with both the Kingdom of Hawaii and Meiji government approvals, the sugar plantation owners recruited workers primarily from rural areas such as Fukushima, Niigata, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Fukuoka, Kumamoto and Okinawa, resulting in the large migration of Japanese to work on the plantations.
These workers, mostly single farmers from poor families, came to Hawaii with expectations of a wonderful new life, hoping to make money and return to Japan as wealthy men.
But plantation life was difficult and the pay was low. Workers were under contract to the plantation owners and could not save as much money as they had thought.
